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简介hdc-2 grandmaster 最近有些日子没和大家见面了,今天我想和大家聊一聊“hdc-2 grandmaster”的话题。如果你对这个话题还比较陌生,那么这
最近有些日子没和大家见面了,今天我想和大家聊一聊“hdc-2 grandmaster”的话题。如果你对这个话题还比较陌生,那么这篇文章就是为你而写的,让我们一起来了解一下吧。
1.有什么好听的英文歌?
2.老佛爷用英语怎么说?
3.fgo哪些英灵是冠位级的
4.Fate/ Grand Order的世界里有哪些职介?
5.求关于hip-hop的介绍.(英文版的.)
有什么好听的英文歌?
最伟大的100首Hip-Hop单曲
Eminem is at #10 with "Stan", #50 with "The Way I Am" and #94 with "The real slim shady" and 50 Cent is @ #29 with "In Da Club" .
Heres the full list:
1. White Lines (Don't Do It) - Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five
2. Walk This Way - Run DMC & Aerosmith
3. Rappers Delight - Sugar Hill Gang
4. Fight The Power - Public Enemy
5. Fight For Your Right - Beastie Boys
6. Gangsta's Paradise - Coolio
7. Planet Rock - Afrika Bambatta
8. The Message - Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five
9. Killing Me Softly - The Fugees
10. Stan - Eminem
11. I'll Be Missing You - Puff Daddy
12. California Love - 2Pac
13. Cop Killa - Ice T
14. The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly) - Missy Elliott
15. I Need Love - LL Cool J
16. Doo Wop (That Thing) - Lauryn Hill
17. Push It - Salt-N-Pepa
18. Mama Said Knock You Out - LL Cool J
19. Ms. Jackson - Outkast
20. Work It - Missy Elliott
21. Nuthin But A 'G' Thang. Dr. Dre
22. People Everyday - Arrested Development
23. 99 Problems - Jay Z
24. Crossroads - Bone Thugs-N-Harmony
25. Mo Money Mo Problems - Notorious B.I.G.
26. Summertime - DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince
27. Country Grammer - Nelly
28. Gin & Juice - Snoop Dogg & Dr. Dre
29. In Da Club - 50 Cent
30. Stop The Violence Movement - Self Destruction
31. Hey Ya - Outkast
32. Everything Is Everything - Lauryn Hill
33. Mind's Playing Tricks On Me - Geto Boys
34. Looking For The Perfect Beat - Afrika Bambatta
35. No Sleep Till Brooklyn - Beastie Boys
36. Big Poppa - Notorious B.I.G.
37. U-N-I-T-Y. Queen Latifah
38. It's Tricky - Run DMC
39. I used to love h.e.r. - Common
40. Gettin Jiggy Wit It - Will Smith
41. Excursion - A Tribe Called Quest
42. Black Steel In the Hour of Chaos - Public Enemy
43. Baby Got Back - Sir Mix-A-Lot
44. Real Love - Mary J. Blige
45. The Magic Number - De La Soul
46. Hard Knock Life - Jay Z
47. Straight Outta Compton - N.W.A.
48. Bridge is Over - Boogie Down Productions
49. On and On - Erykah Badu
50. The Way I Am - Eminem
51. Rock Box - Run DMC
52. New Jack Hustler - Ice-T
53. One Minute Man - Missy Elliott
54. Me, Myself and I - De La Soul
55. We're All In The Same Gang - West Coast Rap All-Stars
56. Hot In Herre - Nelly
57. My Adidas - Run DMC
58. Roxannes Revenge - Roxanne Shante
59. AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted - Ice Cube
60. Say No Go - De La Soul
61. Just A Friend - Biz Markie
62. One More Chance - Notorious B.I.G.
63. Funkee Ko Medina - Tone Loc
64. Rebel Without A Pause - Public Enemy
65. Love of My Life - Erykah Badu
66. Whatta Man - Salt-N-Pepa & En Vogue
67. I Know You Got Soul - Eric B. & Rakim
68. Creep - TLC
69. Childrens Story - Slick Rick
70. 2 Legit 2 Quit - MC Hammer
71. Brown Skin Lady - Mos Def
72. Welcome to the Terrordome - Public Enemy
73. Dear Mama - 2Pac
74. Woo-Ha!! Got You All In Check - Busta Rhymes
75. Big Pimpin' - Jay-Z
76. Bonita Applebum - A Tribe Called Quest
77. No More Drama - Mary J. Blige
78. Ready or Not - The Fugees
79. Jesus Walks - Kanye West
80. Love Is Blind - Eve
81. Lyte As A Rock - MC Lyte
82. Eye Know - De La Soul
83. Raw - Big Daddy Kane
84. It Was A Good Day - Ice Cube
85. Parents Just Don't Understand - DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince
86. Scenario - A Tribe Called Quest
87. To Beat Ya'll - Lady B
88. I'm Still Number One - Boogie Down Productions
89. Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Can See - Busta Rhymes
90. Bust A Move - Young MC
91. Don't Sweat The Technique - Eric B. & Rakim
92. Freaks Come Out At Night - Whodini
93. Wild Thing - Tone Loc
94. The Real Slim Shady - Eminem
95. How Ya Like Me Now - Kool Moe Dee
96. C.R.E.A.M. - Wu Tang Clan
97. Boyz-N-The Hood. Eazy E
98. Vapors - Biz Markie
99. The Humpty Dance - Digital Underground
100. Express Yourself - N.W.A.
最伟大的100首摇滚单曲
01.Led Zeppelin - Stairway to Heaven
02.Van Halen - Eruption
03.Lynyrd Skynyrd - Free Bird
04.Pink Flyod - Comfortably Numb
05.Jimi Hendrix - All Along The Watch Tower
06.Guns n' Roses -November Rain
07.Metallica - One
08.Eagles - Hotel California
09.Ozzy Osbourne - Crazy Train
10.Cream - Crossroads
11.Jimi Hendrix - Voodoo Chile
12.Chuck Berry - Johnny b Goode
13.Stevie Ray Vaughan - Texas Flood
14.Eric Clapton - Layla
15.Pantera - Floods
16.Led Zeppelin - Heartbreaker
17.Eric Johnson - Cliffs of Dover
18.Jimi Hendrix - Little Wing
19.Deep Purple - Highway Star
20.Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody
21.Pink Floyd - Time
22.Dire Dtraits - Sultans of Swing
23.Ratm - Bulls on Parade
24.Mettalica - Fade to Black
25.Jetro Tull - Aqualung
26.Nirvana - Smells Like Teen spirit
27.Stevie Ray Vaughan - Pride and Joy
28.Ozzy Osbourne - Mr. Crowley
29.Steve Vai - For the Love of God
30.Joe Satriani - Surfing With The Alien
31.Ted Nuggent - Stranglehold
32.Jimi Hendrix - Machine Gun
33.B.B king - The Thrill Is Gone
34.Radiohead - Paranoid Android
35.Pantera - Cemetery Gates
36.Yngwie Malmsteen - Black Star
37.Guns n' Roses - Sweet Child OF Mine
38.Led Zeppelin - Whole Lotta Love
39.Neil Young - Cortez The Killer
40.Steely Dan - Reeling In the Years
41.Queen - Brighton Rock
42.Beatles - While My Guitar Gently Weeps
43.ZZ Top - Sharp Dressed Man
44.Pearl Jam - Alive
45.The Doors - Light My Fire
46.Van Halen - Hot For Teacher
47.The Allman Brothers Band - Jessica
48.The Rolling Stones - Sympathy For The Devil
49.Santana - Europa
50.Kiss - Shock Me
51.Metallica - Master of Puppets
52.Jimi Hendrix - Star Spangled Banner
53.Led Zeppelin - Since I've Been Loving You
54.Smashing Pumpkins - Geek USA
55.Joe Satriani - Satch Boogie
56.Black Sabath - War Pigs
57.Pantera - Walk
58.Eric Clapton - Cocaine
59.Ozzy Osbourne - No More Tears
60.The Kinks - You Really Got Me
61.Frank Zappa - Zoot Allures
62.Pink Floyd - Money
63.Soundgarden - Black Hole Son
64.Prince - Little Red Corvette
65.Nirvana - In Bloom
66.The Allman Brothers Band - Blue Sky
67.Michael Jackson - Beat It
68.Yes - Starship Trooper
69.Beatles - And Your Bird Can Sing
70.Jimi Hendrix - Purple Haze
71.Funkadelic - Maggot Brain
72.Aerosmith - Walk This Way
73.Phish - Stash
74.Deep Purple - Lazy
75.The Who - Won't Get Fooled Again
76.Neil Young - Cinamon Girl
77.Alice in Chains - Man In The Box
78.Greatful Dead - Truckin
79.Van Halen - Mean Street
80.AC-DC - You Shook Me All Night Long
81.Lou Reed - Sweet Jane
82.King Crimson - 21st Century Schizoid Man
83.Stevie Ray Vaughn - Scuttle Buttin
84.Sublime - Santeria
85.David Bowie - Moonage Daydream
86.The Alman Brothers - Whipping Post
87.Living Colour - Cult of Personality
88.Steeley Dan - Kid Charlemagne
89.Rage Against the Machine - Killing In The Name
90.Eric Clapton - Let It Rain
91. Heart It Through The Grapev
92.Stray Cats - Stary Cat Strut
93.The Doors - The End
94.Rush - Working Man
95.Pearl Jam - Yellow Ledbetter
96.The Rolling Stones - Honky Tonk Women
97.Smashing Pumpkins - Cherub Rock
98.Dreamtheater - Under A Glass Moon
99.Jeff Beck - Cause We Ended As Lovers
100.Janes Addiction - Three Days
最伟大的100首英文歌曲
01.the beatles-yesterday
02.rolling stones-satisfaction
03.nirvana-smells like teen spirit
04.madonna-like a virgin
05.michael jackson-billie jean
06.the beatles-i want to hold your hand
07.aretha franklin-respect
08.u2-with or without you
09.the jackson-i want you back
10.backstreet boys-i want it that way
11.the eagles-hotel california
12.the supremes-where did our love go
13.guns n' roses-sweet child o' mine
14.the rolling stones-brown sugar
15.john lennon-imagine
16.sinead o connor-nothing compares to you
17.stevie wonder-superstition
18.r.e.m.-losing my religion
19.madonna-vogue
20.bob dylan-like a rolling stone
21.van morrison-brown eyed girl
22.michael jackson-beat it
23.roy orbison-oh, pretty woman
24.marvin gaye-what's going on
25.britney spears-baby one more time
26.fleetwood mac-go your own way
27.prince-when doves cry
28.hanson-mmmbop
29.queen-bohemian rhapsody
30.elton john-your song
31.santanaf rob thomas-smooth
32.tis redding-the dock of the bay
33.the who-my generation
34.alanis morissette-ironic
35.bruce springsteen-born to run
36.tlc-waterfalls
37.o.p.p.-naughty by nature
38.david bowie-changes
39.goo goo dolls-iris
40.whitney houston-i will always love you
41.creedance clearwater revival-proud mary
42.the police-every breath you take
43.rolling stones-miss you
44.abba-dancing queen
45.eric clapton-tears in heaven
46.smokey robinson-the tracks of my tears
47.van halen-jump
48.pearl jam - jeremy
49.bob dylan-tangled up in blue
50.prince-little red corvette
51.the temptations-just my imagination
52.paul mccartney-maybe i'm amazed
53.george micheal-faith
54.red hot chili peppers-under the bridge
55.n'sync-bye bye bye
56.gloria gaynor-i will survive
57.the go gos-our lips are sealed
58.the wallflowers-one headlight
59.stevie wonder-you are the sunshine of my life
60.billy joel-just the way you are
61.rem-the one i love
62.madonna-papa don't preach
63.the beatles-in my life
64.elton john-bennie and the jets
65.the cars-just what i needed
66.cyndi lauper-time after time
67.eminem-my name is
68.garbage-only happy when it rains
69.depeche mode-just can't get enough
70.beach boys-good vibrations
71.romones-i wanna be sedated
72.tom petty-free fallin''
73.culture club-do you really want to hurt me
74.elton john-tiny dancer
75.sly and family stone-hot fun in the summer time
76.radiohead-creep
77.al green-lets stay together
78.green day-longview
79.janet jackson-nasty
80.ll cool j-i need love
81.no doubt-don't speak
82.michael jackson-rock with you
83.foreigner-i want to know what love is
84.oasis-wonderwall
85.cheap trick-surrender
86.human league-don''t you want me
87.pretenders-brass in pocket
88.wyclef jean-gone till november(acoustic)
89.wham-careless whispers
90.brandy and monica -that boy is mine
91.black street & dr. dre
92.acdc-you shook me all night long
93.bee gees-stayin' alive
94.blink 182-all the small things
95.chic-good times
96.def leopard-photograph
97.b-52's-love shack
98.fine young cannibals-she drives me crazy
99.biz markie-just a friend
100.soft cell-tainted love
U2的
u2 - with or without you.mp3
欧洲国家杯u2-beautiful day.mp3
u2合唱团_elevation.mp3
u2--vertigo(苹果ipod广告歌).mp3
u2 05 city of blinding lights.mp3
u2-古墓丽影主题曲.mp3
u2 - how to dismantle an atomic bomb - (03)sometimes you can't make it on your own.mp3
boyz - 10.u2.mp3
1_if god will send his angels-u2(x薄?city of angels)天使之城**原声.mp3
这些是本人觉得 好听的 以下 是他 所有的 专辑
西城的
Swear it again 经典,英国排行第一
seasons in the sun经典英国排行第一
Amazing最新的歌
Can't Lose What You Never Had不错
Close Your Eyes经典
Evergreen经典
Flying Without Wings经典,英国排行第一
Fool Again经典英国排行第一
I Don't Wanna Fight首张专集里的佳作
I Lay My Love on You第2张专集中的歌,英国排行第一
If I Let You Go也是西城早期的歌Mandy
My Love太经典了,完美的作品,英国排行第一+西城成名曲
Mandy风格梢有改变英国排行第一
On The Wings of Love最爱私选
Open Your Heart最爱私选
Obvious04年的歌曲,布莱恩单飞前最后一首歌,
英国排行第一
Queen of My Heart个人认为最动人的一首歌
Unbreakable很感人的一首歌,英国排行第一
Uptown Girl难得的快歌,英国排行第一
What Makes A Man最爱私选+英国排行第一
When You're Looking Like That最爱私选+英国排行第一
World of Our Own很有动感+英国排行第一
Written in the Stars经典
You Raise Me Up最新专集<face to face>主打歌
To Be With you 奥林巴斯 广告歌 可不是 HEY 朱丽叶啊
最好听的50首英文歌在此
一见钟情篇
5.I want it that way
这首歌是我认为的后街最好听的一首歌
第1次听完了下在MP3上,听了半个月
直到现在都想不通啊
e true
Forever young...
mon in New York City, especially the Bronx. Block parties were usually accompanied by music, especially funk and soul music. The early DJs at block parties began isolating the percussion breaks to hit songs, realizing that these were the most dance-able and entertaining parts; this technique was then common in Jamaica (see dub music) and had spread via the substantial Jamaican immigrant community in New York City, especially the "godfather" of hip hop, DJ Kool Herc. Dub had arisen in Jamaica due to the influence of American sailors and radio stations playing R&B. Large sound systems were set up to accommodate poor Jamaicans, who couldn't afford to buy records, and dub developed at the sound systems (refers to both the system and the parties that evolved around them).
Herc was one of the most popular DJs in early 70s New York, and he quickly switched from using reggae records to funk, rock and, later, disco, since the New York audience did not particularly like reggae. Because the percussive breaks were generally short, Herc and other DJs began extending them using an audio mixer and two records. Mixing and scratching techniques eventually developed along with the breaks. (The same techniques contributed to the popularization of remixes.) Later DJs such as Grandmaster Flash refined and developed the use of breakbeats, including cutting.[citation needed] As in dub, performers began speaking while the music played; these were originally called MCs; Herc focused primarily on DJing, and began working with two MCs, Coke La Rock and Clark Kent—this was the first emcee crew, Kool Herc & the Herculoids. Originally, these early rappers focused on introducing themselves and others in the audience (the origin of the still common practice of "shouting out" on hip hop records). These early performers often emceed for hours at a time, with some improvisation and a simple four-count beat, along with a basic chorus to allow the performer to gather his thoughts (such as "one, two, three, y'all, to the beat, y'all"). Later, the MCs grew more varied in their vocal and rhythmic approach, incorporating brief rhymes, often with a sexual or scatological theme, in an effort at differentiating themselves and entertaining the audience. These early raps incorporated similar rhyming lyrics from African American culture (see roots of hip hop music), such as the dozens. While Kool Herc & the Herculoids were the first hip hoppers to gain major fame in New York, more emcee teams quickly sprouted up. Frequently, these were collaborations between former gang members, such as Afrikaa Bambaataa's Universal Zulu Nation (now a large, international organization). Melle Mel, a rapper/lyricist with The Furious Five is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an "MC."[2] During the early 1970s, breakdancing arose during block parties, as b-boys and b-girls got in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive, frenetic style. The style was documented for release to a world wide audience for the first time in Beat Street.
Origin of the term "Hip Hop"
Coinage of the term hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, a rapper with Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five. Though Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was still known as disco rap, it is believed that Cowboy created the term while teasing a friend who had just joined the US Army, by scat singing the words "hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of marching soldiers.[3] Cowboy later worked the "hip hop" cadence into a part of his stage performance, which was quickly copied by other artists; for example the opening of the song "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang.[3] Former Black Spades gang member Afrika Bambaataa is credited with first using the term to describe the subculture that hip hop music belongs to, although it is also suggested that the term was originally derisively used against the new type of music.[4]
The historical conditions contributing to the origin of hip hop
The reasons for the rise of hip hop are found is the changing urban culture within the United States during the 1970s. Perhaps most important was the low cost involved in getting started: the equipment was relatively inexpensive, and virtually anyone could MC along with the popular beats of the day. MCs could be creative, pairing nonsense rhymes and teasing friends and enemies alike in the style of Jamaican toasting at blues parties or playing the dozens in an exchange of wit. MCs would play at block parties, with no expectation of recording, in the way of folk music. The skills necessary to create hip hop music were passed informally from musician to musician, rather than being taught in expensive music lessons.
Another reason for hip hop's rise was the decline of disco, funk and rock in the mid- to late 70s. Disco arose among black and gay male clubs in America, and quickly spread to Europe, where it grew increasingly sunny, bright and pop. Once disco broke into the mainstream in the United States, and was thus appropriated, its original fans and many other listeners rejected it as pre-packaged and soul-less. While many remember the white teens shouting "disco sucks" at every available opportunity, often in racist and homophobic contexts, inner-city blacks were similarly rejecting disco and disco-fied rock, soul and funk (which was virtually everything on the radio at the time). If disco had anything redeemable for urban audiences, however, it was the strong, eminently danceable beats, and hip hop rose to take advantage of the beats while providing a musical outlet for the masses that hated disco. Disco-inflected music (though comparatively little actual disco) was one of the most popular sources of beats in the first ten or twelve years of hip hop's existence. In Washington DC, go go also emerged as a reaction against disco, and eventually mixed with hip hop during the early 1980s, while electronic music did the same, developing as house music in Chicago and techno music in Detroit.
Along with the low expense and the demise of other forms of popular music, social and political events further accelerated the rise of hip hop. In 1959, the Cross-Bronx Expressway was built through the heart of the Bronx, displacing many of the middle-class white communities and causing widespread unemployment among the remaining blacks as stores and factories fled the area. By the 1970s, poverty was rampant. When a 15,000+ apartment Co-op City was built at the northern edge of the Bronx in 1968, the last of the middle-class fled the area and the area's black and Latino gangs began to grow in power.
Diversification of styles in the later part of the decade
In the mid-1970s, hip hop split into two factions. One sampled disco and focused on getting the crowd dancing and excited, with simple or no rhymes; these DJs included Pete DJ Jones, Eddie Cheeba, DJ Hollywood and Love Bug Starski. On the other hand, another group were focusing on rapid-fire rhymes and a more complex rhythmic scheme. These included Afrika Bambaataa, Paul Winley, Grandmaster Flash and Bobby Robinson.
As the 70s became the 1980s, many felt that hip hop was a novelty fad that would soon die out. This was to become a constant accusation for at least the next fifteen years. Some of the earliest rappers were novelty acts, using the themes to Gilligan's Island and using sweet doo wop-influenced harmonies.
With the advent of recorded hip hop in the late 1970s, all the major elements and techniques of the genre were in place. Though not yet mainstream, it was well-known among African Americans, even outside of New York City; hip hop could be found in cities as diverse as Los Angeles, Washington, DC, Baltimore, Dallas, Kansas City, Miami, Seattle, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Houston.
Philadelphia was, for many years, the only city whose contributions to hip hop were valued as greatly as New York City's by hip hop purists and critics. Hip hop was popular there at least as far back as 1976 (first record: "Rhythm Talk", by Jocko Henderson in 1979), and the New York Times dubbed Philly the "Graffiti Capital of the World" in 1971, due to the influence of such legendary graffiti artists as Cornbread. The first female solo artist to record hip hop was Lady B. ("To the Beat Y'All", 1980), a Philly-area radio DJ. Later Schoolly D helped invent what became known as gangsta rap.
The 1980s
The 1980s saw intense diversification in hip hop, which developed into a more complex form. The simple tales of 1970s emcees were replaced by highly metaphoric lyrics rapping over complex, multi-layered beats. Some rappers even became mainstream pop performers, including Kurtis Blow, whose appearance in a Sprite commercial made him the first hip hop musician to be considered mainstream enough to represent a major product, but also the first to be accused by the hip-hop audience of selling out. Another popular performer among mainstream audiences was LL Cool J, who was a success from the release of his first LP, Radio.
Hip hop was almost entirely unknown outside of the United States prior to the 1980s. During that decade, it began its spread to every inhabited continent and became a part of the music scene in dozens of countries. In the early part of the decade, breakdancing became the first aspect of hip hop culture to reach Germany, Japan and South Africa, where the crew Black Noise established the practice before beginning to rap later in the decade. Meanwhile, recorded hip hop was released in France (Dee Nasty's 1984 Paname City Rappin') and the Philippines (Dyords Javier's "Na Onseng Delight" and Vincent Dafalong's "Nunal"). In Puerto Rico, Vico C became the first Spanish language rapper, and his recorded work was the beginning of what became known as reggaeton.
Politicization
The first rap records (Fatback Band's King Tim III, Grandmaster Flash's "Super Rappin'" and The Sugarhill Gang's Rapper's Delight) were actually recorded by live musicians in the studio, with the rappers adding their vocals later. This changed with DJ records such as Grandmaster Flash's "Adventures on the Wheels of Steel" (known for pioneering use of scratching, which was invented by Grandwizard Theodore in 1977) as well as electronic recordings such as "Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa and Run DMC's very basic, all electronic "Sucker MC's" and "Peter Piper" which contains genuine cutting by Run DMC member Jam Master Jay. These early innovators were based out of New York City, which remained the capital of hip hop during the 1980s. This style became known as East Coast hip hop.
Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five released a "message rap", called "The Message", in 1982; this was one of the earliest examples of recorded hip hop with a socially aware tone. In 1984, Marley Marl accidentally caught a drum machine snare hit in the sampler; this innovation was vital in the development of electro and other later types of hip hop.
Popularization
The mid-1980s saw a flourishing of the first hip hop artists to achieve mainstream success, such as Kurtis Blow (Kurtis Blow), LL Cool J (Radio) and especially Run-D.M.C. (Raising Hell), as well as influences in mainstream music, such as Blondie's Debbie Harry rapping in the first non-black hit to feature rapping, "Rapture". LL Cool J's Radio spawned a number of singles that entered the dance charts, peaking with "I Can Give You More" (#21). 1986 saw two hip hop acts in the Billboard Top Ten; Run-D.M.C.'s "Walk This Way" collaboration with Aerosmith, and the Beastie Boys "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)". The pop success of both singles was unheard of for the time; "Walk This Way" has proved especially memorable for its early mixture of hip hop and rock (though it was not the first such mixture), and it peaked at an unheard of #4 on the pop charts. Also, the mid-1980s saw the rise of the first major black female group, Salt-N-Pepa, who hit the charts with singles like "The Show Stoppa" in 1985. Ice-T's seminal "6n' Da Mornin'" (1986) is one of the first nationally successful West Coast hip hop singles, and is often said to be the beginning of gangsta hip hop (along with Schoolly D, LL Cool J and N.W.A.).
In 1987, Public Enemy brought out their debut album (Yo! Bum Rush the Show) on Def Jam - one of hip hop's oldest and most important labels, and Boogie Down Productions followed up in 1988 with By All Means Necessary; both records pioneered wave of hard-edged politicized performers. The late 1980s saw a flourishing of like-minded rappers on both coasts, and Public Enemy's It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back became surprisingly successful, despite its militant and confrontational tone, appearing on both the club and rap charts, and peaking at #17 and #11, respectively. Aside from the lyrical innovations, Public Enemy's Terminator X (along with Eric B., of Eric B. & Rakim) pioneered new techniques in sampling that resulted in dense, multi-layered sonic collages.
The rise of gangsta rap
Main article: Gangsta rap
The first gangsta rap album to become a mainstream pop hit, selling more than 2.5 million copies, was N.W.A.'s Straight Outta Compton (1988). N.W.A.'s controversial subject matter, including drugs, violence and sex, helped popularize what became known as gangsta rap (said to have begun with Ice-T's "6N' Da Morning"). Specifically, the song "Fuck Tha Police" earned the foursome the enmity of law enforcement, resulting in a strongly-worded letter of discontent from the FBI. N.W.A.'s most lasting impact, however, was placing the West Coast on the hip hop map.
Diversification
Though women, whites and Latinos had long been a part of the hip hop scene, it was not until the 1980s that groups other than young African American males began creating popular, innovative and distinctive styles of hip hop music.
The first rap recording by a solo female was Philadelphia-based Lady B.'s "To the Beat, Y'All" (1980), while The Sequence became the first female group to record. It was, not, however, until Salt-N-Pepa in the middle of the decade that female performers gained mainstream success.
The first groups to mix hip hop and heavy metal included 1984's "Rock Box" (Run-D.M.C.) and "Rock Hard" (Beastie Boys). Later in the decade, Ice-T and Anthrax were among the most innovative mixers of thrash metal and hip hop. These fusions helped move hip hop into new audiences, and introduced it to legions of new fans in the States and abroad.
Latin hip hop
Main article: Latin Rap
In Puerto Rico, Vico C became the first mainstream Spanish language rapper, and his recorded work was the beginning of what became known as reggaeton. Hip hop had always had a significant connection to the Latino community in New York City including the first Latin DJ DJ Disco Wiz, and hip hop soon spread amongst Latinos. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, most Latin rap came from the West Coast of the United States. In 1989, Cuban-American Mellow Man Ace became the first Latino artist to have a major bilingual single. Mellow Man, referred to as the "Godfather of Latin rap", brought mainstream attention to Spanglish rhyming with his 1989 platinum single "Mentirosa". In 1990, fellow West Coast artist Kid Frost further brought Latinos to the rap forefront with his single "La Raza." Cypress Hill, of which Mellow Man Ace was a member before going solo, would become the first Latino rap group to reach platinum status in 1991. Ecuadorian born rapper Gerardo received heavy rotation on video and radio for his single "Rico, Suave." As a result of the success of these artists, countries throughout Latin America such as Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Mexico created their own Hip Hop scenes.
Electro
Main articles: Electro (music) and Electro (disambiguation)
While Run DMC laid the groundwork for East Coast rap, "Planet Rock" (Afrika Bambaataa) was one of the first electro tracks. Based on a sample from German rock group Kraftwerk (Trans-Europe Express), "Planet Rock" inspired countless groups, based in New Jersey, New York City and Detroit, among other places, to make electronic dance music (called electro) that strongly influenced techno and house music, and especially the burgeoning electro music scene in northern England, the Midlands and London.
"Planet Rock" influenced hip hop outside of New York as well, such as Latin hip hop (also Latin freestyle or freestyle) such as Expose and The Cover Girls, as well as Los Angeles-based electro hop performers like the World Class Wreckin' Cru and Egyptian Lover.
Further spread within the US
By the end of the 1970s, hip hop was known in most every major city in the country, and had developed into numerous regional styles and variations. Outside of New York City, New Jersey and Philadelphia, where hip hop had long been well-established, the 1980s saw intense regional diversification.
The first Chicago hip hop record was the "Groovy Ghost Show" by Casper, released in 1980 and a distinctively Chicago sound began by 1982, with Caution and Plee Fresh. Chicago also saw the development of house music (a form of electronic dance music) in the early 1980s and this soon mixed with hip hop and began featuring rappers; this is called hip house, and gained some national popularity in the late 1980s and early 90s, though similar fusions from South Africa, Belgium and elsewhere became just as well-known into the 90s.
Los Angeles hardcore rappers (Ice-T) and electro hop artists (Egyptian Lover) began recording by 1983, though the first recorded West Coast rap was Disco Daddy and Captain Rapp's "Gigolo Rapp" in 1981. In Miami, audiences listened to Miami bass, a form of sultry and sexually explicit dance music which arose from Los Angeles electro; it frequently included rapping. In Washington D.C. a hip hop-influenced form of dance music called go go emerged and incorporated rapping and DJing.
International spread
Beginning in the early 1980s, hip hop culture began its spread across the world. By the end of the 1990s, popular hip hop was sold almost everywhere, and native performers were recording in most every country with a popular music industry. Elements of hip hop became fused with numerous styles of music, including ragga, cumbia and samba, for example. The Senegalese mbalax rhythm became a component of hip hop, while the United Kingdom and Belgium produced a variety of electronic music fusions of hip hop, most famously including British trip hop. Hip hop also spread to countries like Greece, Spain and Cuba in the 1980s, led in Cuba by the self-exiled African American activist Nehanda Abiodun and aided by Fidel Castro's . In Japan, graffiti art and breakdancing had been popular since the early part of the decade, but many of those active in the scene felt that the Japanese language was unsuited for rapping; nevertheless, by the beginning of the 1990s, a wave of rappers emerged, including Ito Seiko, Chikado Haruo, Tinnie Punx and Takagi Kan. The New Zealand hip hop scene began in earnest in the late 1980s, when Maori performers like Upper Hutt Posse and Dalvanius Prime began recording, gaining notoriety for lyrics that espoused tino rangatiratanga (Maori sovereignty).
The 1990s
In the 90s, gangsta rap became mainstream, beginning in about 1992, with the release of Dr. Dre's The Chronic. This album established a style calle
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