hdc-2 grandmaster_1

       最近有些日子没和大家见面了，今天我想和大家聊一聊“hdc-2 grandmaster”的话题。如果你对这个话题还比较陌生，那么这篇文章就是为你而写的，让我们一起来了解一下吧。

1.有什么好听的英文歌?

2.老佛爷用英语怎么说？

3.fgo哪些英灵是冠位级的

4.Fate/ Grand Order的世界里有哪些职介？

5.求关于hip-hop的介绍.(英文版的.)

有什么好听的英文歌?

       最伟大的100首Hip-Hop单曲

       Eminem is at #10 with "Stan", #50 with "The Way I Am" and #94 with "The real slim shady" and 50 Cent is @ #29 with "In Da Club" .

       Heres the full list:

       1. White Lines (Don't Do It) - Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five

       2. Walk This Way - Run DMC & Aerosmith

       3. Rappers Delight - Sugar Hill Gang

       4. Fight The Power - Public Enemy

       5. Fight For Your Right - Beastie Boys

       6. Gangsta's Paradise - Coolio

       7. Planet Rock - Afrika Bambatta

       8. The Message - Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five

       9. Killing Me Softly - The Fugees

       10. Stan - Eminem

       11. I'll Be Missing You - Puff Daddy

       12. California Love - 2Pac

       13. Cop Killa - Ice T

       14. The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly) - Missy Elliott

       15. I Need Love - LL Cool J

       16. Doo Wop (That Thing) - Lauryn Hill

       17. Push It - Salt-N-Pepa

       18. Mama Said Knock You Out - LL Cool J

       19. Ms. Jackson - Outkast

       20. Work It - Missy Elliott

       21. Nuthin But A 'G' Thang. Dr. Dre

       22. People Everyday - Arrested Development

       23. 99 Problems - Jay Z

       24. Crossroads - Bone Thugs-N-Harmony

       25. Mo Money Mo Problems - Notorious B.I.G.

       26. Summertime - DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince

       27. Country Grammer - Nelly

       28. Gin & Juice - Snoop Dogg & Dr. Dre

       29. In Da Club - 50 Cent

       30. Stop The Violence Movement - Self Destruction

       31. Hey Ya - Outkast

       32. Everything Is Everything - Lauryn Hill

       33. Mind's Playing Tricks On Me - Geto Boys

       34. Looking For The Perfect Beat - Afrika Bambatta

       35. No Sleep Till Brooklyn - Beastie Boys

       36. Big Poppa - Notorious B.I.G.

       37. U-N-I-T-Y. Queen Latifah

       38. It's Tricky - Run DMC

       39. I used to love h.e.r. - Common

       40. Gettin Jiggy Wit It - Will Smith

       41. Excursion - A Tribe Called Quest

       42. Black Steel In the Hour of Chaos - Public Enemy

       43. Baby Got Back - Sir Mix-A-Lot

       44. Real Love - Mary J. Blige

       45. The Magic Number - De La Soul

       46. Hard Knock Life - Jay Z

       47. Straight Outta Compton - N.W.A.

       48. Bridge is Over - Boogie Down Productions

       49. On and On - Erykah Badu

       50. The Way I Am - Eminem

       51. Rock Box - Run DMC

       52. New Jack Hustler - Ice-T

       53. One Minute Man - Missy Elliott

       54. Me, Myself and I - De La Soul

       55. We're All In The Same Gang - West Coast Rap All-Stars

       56. Hot In Herre - Nelly

       57. My Adidas - Run DMC

       58. Roxannes Revenge - Roxanne Shante

       59. AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted - Ice Cube

       60. Say No Go - De La Soul

       61. Just A Friend - Biz Markie

       62. One More Chance - Notorious B.I.G.

       63. Funkee Ko Medina - Tone Loc

       64. Rebel Without A Pause - Public Enemy

       65. Love of My Life - Erykah Badu

       66. Whatta Man - Salt-N-Pepa & En Vogue

       67. I Know You Got Soul - Eric B. & Rakim

       68. Creep - TLC

       69. Childrens Story - Slick Rick

       70. 2 Legit 2 Quit - MC Hammer

       71. Brown Skin Lady - Mos Def

       72. Welcome to the Terrordome - Public Enemy

       73. Dear Mama - 2Pac

       74. Woo-Ha!! Got You All In Check - Busta Rhymes

       75. Big Pimpin' - Jay-Z

       76. Bonita Applebum - A Tribe Called Quest

       77. No More Drama - Mary J. Blige

       78. Ready or Not - The Fugees

       79. Jesus Walks - Kanye West

       80. Love Is Blind - Eve

       81. Lyte As A Rock - MC Lyte

       82. Eye Know - De La Soul

       83. Raw - Big Daddy Kane

       84. It Was A Good Day - Ice Cube

       85. Parents Just Don't Understand - DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince

       86. Scenario - A Tribe Called Quest

       87. To Beat Ya'll - Lady B

       88. I'm Still Number One - Boogie Down Productions

       89. Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Can See - Busta Rhymes

       90. Bust A Move - Young MC

       91. Don't Sweat The Technique - Eric B. & Rakim

       92. Freaks Come Out At Night - Whodini

       93. Wild Thing - Tone Loc

       94. The Real Slim Shady - Eminem

       95. How Ya Like Me Now - Kool Moe Dee

       96. C.R.E.A.M. - Wu Tang Clan

       97. Boyz-N-The Hood. Eazy E

       98. Vapors - Biz Markie

       99. The Humpty Dance - Digital Underground

       100. Express Yourself - N.W.A.

       最伟大的100首摇滚单曲

       01.Led Zeppelin - Stairway to Heaven

       02.Van Halen - Eruption

       03.Lynyrd Skynyrd - Free Bird

       04.Pink Flyod - Comfortably Numb

       05.Jimi Hendrix - All Along The Watch Tower

       06.Guns n' Roses -November Rain

       07.Metallica - One

       08.Eagles - Hotel California

       09.Ozzy Osbourne - Crazy Train

       10.Cream - Crossroads

       11.Jimi Hendrix - Voodoo Chile

       12.Chuck Berry - Johnny b Goode

       13.Stevie Ray Vaughan - Texas Flood

       14.Eric Clapton - Layla

       15.Pantera - Floods

       16.Led Zeppelin - Heartbreaker

       17.Eric Johnson - Cliffs of Dover

       18.Jimi Hendrix - Little Wing

       19.Deep Purple - Highway Star

       20.Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody

       21.Pink Floyd - Time

       22.Dire Dtraits - Sultans of Swing

       23.Ratm - Bulls on Parade

       24.Mettalica - Fade to Black

       25.Jetro Tull - Aqualung

       26.Nirvana - Smells Like Teen spirit

       27.Stevie Ray Vaughan - Pride and Joy

       28.Ozzy Osbourne - Mr. Crowley

       29.Steve Vai - For the Love of God

       30.Joe Satriani - Surfing With The Alien

       31.Ted Nuggent - Stranglehold

       32.Jimi Hendrix - Machine Gun

       33.B.B king - The Thrill Is Gone

       34.Radiohead - Paranoid Android

       35.Pantera - Cemetery Gates

       36.Yngwie Malmsteen - Black Star

       37.Guns n' Roses - Sweet Child OF Mine

       38.Led Zeppelin - Whole Lotta Love

       39.Neil Young - Cortez The Killer

       40.Steely Dan - Reeling In the Years

       41.Queen - Brighton Rock

       42.Beatles - While My Guitar Gently Weeps

       43.ZZ Top - Sharp Dressed Man

       44.Pearl Jam - Alive

       45.The Doors - Light My Fire

       46.Van Halen - Hot For Teacher

       47.The Allman Brothers Band - Jessica

       48.The Rolling Stones - Sympathy For The Devil

       49.Santana - Europa

       50.Kiss - Shock Me

       51.Metallica - Master of Puppets

       52.Jimi Hendrix - Star Spangled Banner

       53.Led Zeppelin - Since I've Been Loving You

       54.Smashing Pumpkins - Geek USA

       55.Joe Satriani - Satch Boogie

       56.Black Sabath - War Pigs

       57.Pantera - Walk

       58.Eric Clapton - Cocaine

       59.Ozzy Osbourne - No More Tears

       60.The Kinks - You Really Got Me

       61.Frank Zappa - Zoot Allures

       62.Pink Floyd - Money

       63.Soundgarden - Black Hole Son

       64.Prince - Little Red Corvette

       65.Nirvana - In Bloom

       66.The Allman Brothers Band - Blue Sky

       67.Michael Jackson - Beat It

       68.Yes - Starship Trooper

       69.Beatles - And Your Bird Can Sing

       70.Jimi Hendrix - Purple Haze

       71.Funkadelic - Maggot Brain

       72.Aerosmith - Walk This Way

       73.Phish - Stash

       74.Deep Purple - Lazy

       75.The Who - Won't Get Fooled Again

       76.Neil Young - Cinamon Girl

       77.Alice in Chains - Man In The Box

       78.Greatful Dead - Truckin

       79.Van Halen - Mean Street

       80.AC-DC - You Shook Me All Night Long

       81.Lou Reed - Sweet Jane

       82.King Crimson - 21st Century Schizoid Man

       83.Stevie Ray Vaughn - Scuttle Buttin

       84.Sublime - Santeria

       85.David Bowie - Moonage Daydream

       86.The Alman Brothers - Whipping Post

       87.Living Colour - Cult of Personality

       88.Steeley Dan - Kid Charlemagne

       89.Rage Against the Machine - Killing In The Name

       90.Eric Clapton - Let It Rain

       91. Heart It Through The Grapev

       92.Stray Cats - Stary Cat Strut

       93.The Doors - The End

       94.Rush - Working Man

       95.Pearl Jam - Yellow Ledbetter

       96.The Rolling Stones - Honky Tonk Women

       97.Smashing Pumpkins - Cherub Rock

       98.Dreamtheater - Under A Glass Moon

       99.Jeff Beck - Cause We Ended As Lovers

       100.Janes Addiction - Three Days

       最伟大的100首英文歌曲

       01.the beatles-yesterday

       02.rolling stones-satisfaction

       03.nirvana-smells like teen spirit

       04.madonna-like a virgin

       05.michael jackson-billie jean

       06.the beatles-i want to hold your hand

       07.aretha franklin-respect

       08.u2-with or without you

       09.the jackson-i want you back

       10.backstreet boys-i want it that way

       11.the eagles-hotel california

       12.the supremes-where did our love go

       13.guns n' roses-sweet child o' mine

       14.the rolling stones-brown sugar

       15.john lennon-imagine

       16.sinead o connor-nothing compares to you

       17.stevie wonder-superstition

       18.r.e.m.-losing my religion

       19.madonna-vogue

       20.bob dylan-like a rolling stone

       21.van morrison-brown eyed girl

       22.michael jackson-beat it

       23.roy orbison-oh, pretty woman

       24.marvin gaye-what's going on

       25.britney spears-baby one more time

       26.fleetwood mac-go your own way

       27.prince-when doves cry

       28.hanson-mmmbop

       29.queen-bohemian rhapsody

       30.elton john-your song

       31.santanaf rob thomas-smooth

       32.tis redding-the dock of the bay

       33.the who-my generation

       34.alanis morissette-ironic

       35.bruce springsteen-born to run

       36.tlc-waterfalls

       37.o.p.p.-naughty by nature

       38.david bowie-changes

       39.goo goo dolls-iris

       40.whitney houston-i will always love you

       41.creedance clearwater revival-proud mary

       42.the police-every breath you take

       43.rolling stones-miss you

       44.abba-dancing queen

       45.eric clapton-tears in heaven

       46.smokey robinson-the tracks of my tears

       47.van halen-jump

       48.pearl jam - jeremy

       49.bob dylan-tangled up in blue

       50.prince-little red corvette

       51.the temptations-just my imagination

       52.paul mccartney-maybe i'm amazed

       53.george micheal-faith

       54.red hot chili peppers-under the bridge

       55.n'sync-bye bye bye

       56.gloria gaynor-i will survive

       57.the go gos-our lips are sealed

       58.the wallflowers-one headlight

       59.stevie wonder-you are the sunshine of my life

       60.billy joel-just the way you are

       61.rem-the one i love

       62.madonna-papa don't preach

       63.the beatles-in my life

       64.elton john-bennie and the jets

       65.the cars-just what i needed

       66.cyndi lauper-time after time

       67.eminem-my name is

       68.garbage-only happy when it rains

       69.depeche mode-just can't get enough

       70.beach boys-good vibrations

       71.romones-i wanna be sedated

       72.tom petty-free fallin''

       73.culture club-do you really want to hurt me

       74.elton john-tiny dancer

       75.sly and family stone-hot fun in the summer time

       76.radiohead-creep

       77.al green-lets stay together

       78.green day-longview

       79.janet jackson-nasty

       80.ll cool j-i need love

       81.no doubt-don't speak

       82.michael jackson-rock with you

       83.foreigner-i want to know what love is

       84.oasis-wonderwall

       85.cheap trick-surrender

       86.human league-don''t you want me

       87.pretenders-brass in pocket

       88.wyclef jean-gone till november(acoustic)

       89.wham-careless whispers

       90.brandy and monica -that boy is mine

       91.black street & dr. dre

       92.acdc-you shook me all night long

       93.bee gees-stayin' alive

       94.blink 182-all the small things

       95.chic-good times

       96.def leopard-photograph

       97.b-52's-love shack

       98.fine young cannibals-she drives me crazy

       99.biz markie-just a friend

       100.soft cell-tainted love

       U2的

       u2 - with or without you.mp3

       欧洲国家杯u2-beautiful day.mp3

       u2合唱团_elevation.mp3

       u2--vertigo(苹果ipod广告歌).mp3

       u2 05 city of blinding lights.mp3

       u2-古墓丽影主题曲.mp3

       u2 - how to dismantle an atomic bomb - (03)sometimes you can't make it on your own.mp3

       boyz - 10.u2.mp3

       1_if god will send his angels-u2(x薄?city of angels)天使之城**原声.mp3

       这些是本人觉得 好听的 以下 是他 所有的 专辑

       西城的

       Swear it again 经典,英国排行第一

       seasons in the sun经典英国排行第一

       Amazing最新的歌

       Can't Lose What You Never Had不错

       Close Your Eyes经典

       Evergreen经典

       Flying Without Wings经典,英国排行第一

       Fool Again经典英国排行第一

       I Don't Wanna Fight首张专集里的佳作

       I Lay My Love on You第2张专集中的歌,英国排行第一

       If I Let You Go也是西城早期的歌Mandy

       My Love太经典了，完美的作品，英国排行第一＋西城成名曲

       Mandy风格梢有改变英国排行第一

       On The Wings of Love最爱私选

       Open Your Heart最爱私选

       Obvious04年的歌曲，布莱恩单飞前最后一首歌，

       英国排行第一

       Queen of My Heart个人认为最动人的一首歌

       Unbreakable很感人的一首歌，英国排行第一

       Uptown Girl难得的快歌，英国排行第一

       What Makes A Man最爱私选＋英国排行第一

       When You're Looking Like That最爱私选＋英国排行第一

       World of Our Own很有动感＋英国排行第一

       Written in the Stars经典

       You Raise Me Up最新专集＜face to face＞主打歌

       To Be With you 奥林巴斯 广告歌 可不是 HEY 朱丽叶啊

       最好听的50首英文歌在此

       一见钟情篇

       5．I want it that way

       这首歌是我认为的后街最好听的一首歌

       第1次听完了下在MP3上，听了半个月

       直到现在都想不通啊

       e true

       Forever young...

       mon in New York City, especially the Bronx. Block parties were usually accompanied by music, especially funk and soul music. The early DJs at block parties began isolating the percussion breaks to hit songs, realizing that these were the most dance-able and entertaining parts; this technique was then common in Jamaica (see dub music) and had spread via the substantial Jamaican immigrant community in New York City, especially the "godfather" of hip hop, DJ Kool Herc. Dub had arisen in Jamaica due to the influence of American sailors and radio stations playing R&B. Large sound systems were set up to accommodate poor Jamaicans, who couldn't afford to buy records, and dub developed at the sound systems (refers to both the system and the parties that evolved around them).

       Herc was one of the most popular DJs in early 70s New York, and he quickly switched from using reggae records to funk, rock and, later, disco, since the New York audience did not particularly like reggae. Because the percussive breaks were generally short, Herc and other DJs began extending them using an audio mixer and two records. Mixing and scratching techniques eventually developed along with the breaks. (The same techniques contributed to the popularization of remixes.) Later DJs such as Grandmaster Flash refined and developed the use of breakbeats, including cutting.[citation needed] As in dub, performers began speaking while the music played; these were originally called MCs; Herc focused primarily on DJing, and began working with two MCs, Coke La Rock and Clark Kent—this was the first emcee crew, Kool Herc & the Herculoids. Originally, these early rappers focused on introducing themselves and others in the audience (the origin of the still common practice of "shouting out" on hip hop records). These early performers often emceed for hours at a time, with some improvisation and a simple four-count beat, along with a basic chorus to allow the performer to gather his thoughts (such as "one, two, three, y'all, to the beat, y'all"). Later, the MCs grew more varied in their vocal and rhythmic approach, incorporating brief rhymes, often with a sexual or scatological theme, in an effort at differentiating themselves and entertaining the audience. These early raps incorporated similar rhyming lyrics from African American culture (see roots of hip hop music), such as the dozens. While Kool Herc & the Herculoids were the first hip hoppers to gain major fame in New York, more emcee teams quickly sprouted up. Frequently, these were collaborations between former gang members, such as Afrikaa Bambaataa's Universal Zulu Nation (now a large, international organization). Melle Mel, a rapper/lyricist with The Furious Five is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an "MC."[2] During the early 1970s, breakdancing arose during block parties, as b-boys and b-girls got in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive, frenetic style. The style was documented for release to a world wide audience for the first time in Beat Street.

       Origin of the term "Hip Hop"

       Coinage of the term hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, a rapper with Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five. Though Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was still known as disco rap, it is believed that Cowboy created the term while teasing a friend who had just joined the US Army, by scat singing the words "hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of marching soldiers.[3] Cowboy later worked the "hip hop" cadence into a part of his stage performance, which was quickly copied by other artists; for example the opening of the song "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang.[3] Former Black Spades gang member Afrika Bambaataa is credited with first using the term to describe the subculture that hip hop music belongs to, although it is also suggested that the term was originally derisively used against the new type of music.[4]

       The historical conditions contributing to the origin of hip hop

       The reasons for the rise of hip hop are found is the changing urban culture within the United States during the 1970s. Perhaps most important was the low cost involved in getting started: the equipment was relatively inexpensive, and virtually anyone could MC along with the popular beats of the day. MCs could be creative, pairing nonsense rhymes and teasing friends and enemies alike in the style of Jamaican toasting at blues parties or playing the dozens in an exchange of wit. MCs would play at block parties, with no expectation of recording, in the way of folk music. The skills necessary to create hip hop music were passed informally from musician to musician, rather than being taught in expensive music lessons.

       Another reason for hip hop's rise was the decline of disco, funk and rock in the mid- to late 70s. Disco arose among black and gay male clubs in America, and quickly spread to Europe, where it grew increasingly sunny, bright and pop. Once disco broke into the mainstream in the United States, and was thus appropriated, its original fans and many other listeners rejected it as pre-packaged and soul-less. While many remember the white teens shouting "disco sucks" at every available opportunity, often in racist and homophobic contexts, inner-city blacks were similarly rejecting disco and disco-fied rock, soul and funk (which was virtually everything on the radio at the time). If disco had anything redeemable for urban audiences, however, it was the strong, eminently danceable beats, and hip hop rose to take advantage of the beats while providing a musical outlet for the masses that hated disco. Disco-inflected music (though comparatively little actual disco) was one of the most popular sources of beats in the first ten or twelve years of hip hop's existence. In Washington DC, go go also emerged as a reaction against disco, and eventually mixed with hip hop during the early 1980s, while electronic music did the same, developing as house music in Chicago and techno music in Detroit.

       Along with the low expense and the demise of other forms of popular music, social and political events further accelerated the rise of hip hop. In 1959, the Cross-Bronx Expressway was built through the heart of the Bronx, displacing many of the middle-class white communities and causing widespread unemployment among the remaining blacks as stores and factories fled the area. By the 1970s, poverty was rampant. When a 15,000+ apartment Co-op City was built at the northern edge of the Bronx in 1968, the last of the middle-class fled the area and the area's black and Latino gangs began to grow in power.

       Diversification of styles in the later part of the decade

       In the mid-1970s, hip hop split into two factions. One sampled disco and focused on getting the crowd dancing and excited, with simple or no rhymes; these DJs included Pete DJ Jones, Eddie Cheeba, DJ Hollywood and Love Bug Starski. On the other hand, another group were focusing on rapid-fire rhymes and a more complex rhythmic scheme. These included Afrika Bambaataa, Paul Winley, Grandmaster Flash and Bobby Robinson.

       As the 70s became the 1980s, many felt that hip hop was a novelty fad that would soon die out. This was to become a constant accusation for at least the next fifteen years. Some of the earliest rappers were novelty acts, using the themes to Gilligan's Island and using sweet doo wop-influenced harmonies.

       With the advent of recorded hip hop in the late 1970s, all the major elements and techniques of the genre were in place. Though not yet mainstream, it was well-known among African Americans, even outside of New York City; hip hop could be found in cities as diverse as Los Angeles, Washington, DC, Baltimore, Dallas, Kansas City, Miami, Seattle, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Houston.

       Philadelphia was, for many years, the only city whose contributions to hip hop were valued as greatly as New York City's by hip hop purists and critics. Hip hop was popular there at least as far back as 1976 (first record: "Rhythm Talk", by Jocko Henderson in 1979), and the New York Times dubbed Philly the "Graffiti Capital of the World" in 1971, due to the influence of such legendary graffiti artists as Cornbread. The first female solo artist to record hip hop was Lady B. ("To the Beat Y'All", 1980), a Philly-area radio DJ. Later Schoolly D helped invent what became known as gangsta rap.

       The 1980s

       The 1980s saw intense diversification in hip hop, which developed into a more complex form. The simple tales of 1970s emcees were replaced by highly metaphoric lyrics rapping over complex, multi-layered beats. Some rappers even became mainstream pop performers, including Kurtis Blow, whose appearance in a Sprite commercial made him the first hip hop musician to be considered mainstream enough to represent a major product, but also the first to be accused by the hip-hop audience of selling out. Another popular performer among mainstream audiences was LL Cool J, who was a success from the release of his first LP, Radio.

       Hip hop was almost entirely unknown outside of the United States prior to the 1980s. During that decade, it began its spread to every inhabited continent and became a part of the music scene in dozens of countries. In the early part of the decade, breakdancing became the first aspect of hip hop culture to reach Germany, Japan and South Africa, where the crew Black Noise established the practice before beginning to rap later in the decade. Meanwhile, recorded hip hop was released in France (Dee Nasty's 1984 Paname City Rappin') and the Philippines (Dyords Javier's "Na Onseng Delight" and Vincent Dafalong's "Nunal"). In Puerto Rico, Vico C became the first Spanish language rapper, and his recorded work was the beginning of what became known as reggaeton.

       Politicization

       The first rap records (Fatback Band's King Tim III, Grandmaster Flash's "Super Rappin'" and The Sugarhill Gang's Rapper's Delight) were actually recorded by live musicians in the studio, with the rappers adding their vocals later. This changed with DJ records such as Grandmaster Flash's "Adventures on the Wheels of Steel" (known for pioneering use of scratching, which was invented by Grandwizard Theodore in 1977) as well as electronic recordings such as "Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa and Run DMC's very basic, all electronic "Sucker MC's" and "Peter Piper" which contains genuine cutting by Run DMC member Jam Master Jay. These early innovators were based out of New York City, which remained the capital of hip hop during the 1980s. This style became known as East Coast hip hop.

       Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five released a "message rap", called "The Message", in 1982; this was one of the earliest examples of recorded hip hop with a socially aware tone. In 1984, Marley Marl accidentally caught a drum machine snare hit in the sampler; this innovation was vital in the development of electro and other later types of hip hop.

       Popularization

       The mid-1980s saw a flourishing of the first hip hop artists to achieve mainstream success, such as Kurtis Blow (Kurtis Blow), LL Cool J (Radio) and especially Run-D.M.C. (Raising Hell), as well as influences in mainstream music, such as Blondie's Debbie Harry rapping in the first non-black hit to feature rapping, "Rapture". LL Cool J's Radio spawned a number of singles that entered the dance charts, peaking with "I Can Give You More" (#21). 1986 saw two hip hop acts in the Billboard Top Ten; Run-D.M.C.'s "Walk This Way" collaboration with Aerosmith, and the Beastie Boys "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)". The pop success of both singles was unheard of for the time; "Walk This Way" has proved especially memorable for its early mixture of hip hop and rock (though it was not the first such mixture), and it peaked at an unheard of #4 on the pop charts. Also, the mid-1980s saw the rise of the first major black female group, Salt-N-Pepa, who hit the charts with singles like "The Show Stoppa" in 1985. Ice-T's seminal "6n' Da Mornin'" (1986) is one of the first nationally successful West Coast hip hop singles, and is often said to be the beginning of gangsta hip hop (along with Schoolly D, LL Cool J and N.W.A.).

       In 1987, Public Enemy brought out their debut album (Yo! Bum Rush the Show) on Def Jam - one of hip hop's oldest and most important labels, and Boogie Down Productions followed up in 1988 with By All Means Necessary; both records pioneered wave of hard-edged politicized performers. The late 1980s saw a flourishing of like-minded rappers on both coasts, and Public Enemy's It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back became surprisingly successful, despite its militant and confrontational tone, appearing on both the club and rap charts, and peaking at #17 and #11, respectively. Aside from the lyrical innovations, Public Enemy's Terminator X (along with Eric B., of Eric B. & Rakim) pioneered new techniques in sampling that resulted in dense, multi-layered sonic collages.

       The rise of gangsta rap

        Main article: Gangsta rap

       The first gangsta rap album to become a mainstream pop hit, selling more than 2.5 million copies, was N.W.A.'s Straight Outta Compton (1988). N.W.A.'s controversial subject matter, including drugs, violence and sex, helped popularize what became known as gangsta rap (said to have begun with Ice-T's "6N' Da Morning"). Specifically, the song "Fuck Tha Police" earned the foursome the enmity of law enforcement, resulting in a strongly-worded letter of discontent from the FBI. N.W.A.'s most lasting impact, however, was placing the West Coast on the hip hop map.

       Diversification

       Though women, whites and Latinos had long been a part of the hip hop scene, it was not until the 1980s that groups other than young African American males began creating popular, innovative and distinctive styles of hip hop music.

       The first rap recording by a solo female was Philadelphia-based Lady B.'s "To the Beat, Y'All" (1980), while The Sequence became the first female group to record. It was, not, however, until Salt-N-Pepa in the middle of the decade that female performers gained mainstream success.

       The first groups to mix hip hop and heavy metal included 1984's "Rock Box" (Run-D.M.C.) and "Rock Hard" (Beastie Boys). Later in the decade, Ice-T and Anthrax were among the most innovative mixers of thrash metal and hip hop. These fusions helped move hip hop into new audiences, and introduced it to legions of new fans in the States and abroad.

       Latin hip hop

        Main article: Latin Rap

       In Puerto Rico, Vico C became the first mainstream Spanish language rapper, and his recorded work was the beginning of what became known as reggaeton. Hip hop had always had a significant connection to the Latino community in New York City including the first Latin DJ DJ Disco Wiz, and hip hop soon spread amongst Latinos. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, most Latin rap came from the West Coast of the United States. In 1989, Cuban-American Mellow Man Ace became the first Latino artist to have a major bilingual single. Mellow Man, referred to as the "Godfather of Latin rap", brought mainstream attention to Spanglish rhyming with his 1989 platinum single "Mentirosa". In 1990, fellow West Coast artist Kid Frost further brought Latinos to the rap forefront with his single "La Raza." Cypress Hill, of which Mellow Man Ace was a member before going solo, would become the first Latino rap group to reach platinum status in 1991. Ecuadorian born rapper Gerardo received heavy rotation on video and radio for his single "Rico, Suave." As a result of the success of these artists, countries throughout Latin America such as Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Mexico created their own Hip Hop scenes.

       Electro

        Main articles: Electro (music) and Electro (disambiguation)

       While Run DMC laid the groundwork for East Coast rap, "Planet Rock" (Afrika Bambaataa) was one of the first electro tracks. Based on a sample from German rock group Kraftwerk (Trans-Europe Express), "Planet Rock" inspired countless groups, based in New Jersey, New York City and Detroit, among other places, to make electronic dance music (called electro) that strongly influenced techno and house music, and especially the burgeoning electro music scene in northern England, the Midlands and London.

       "Planet Rock" influenced hip hop outside of New York as well, such as Latin hip hop (also Latin freestyle or freestyle) such as Expose and The Cover Girls, as well as Los Angeles-based electro hop performers like the World Class Wreckin' Cru and Egyptian Lover.

       Further spread within the US

       By the end of the 1970s, hip hop was known in most every major city in the country, and had developed into numerous regional styles and variations. Outside of New York City, New Jersey and Philadelphia, where hip hop had long been well-established, the 1980s saw intense regional diversification.

       The first Chicago hip hop record was the "Groovy Ghost Show" by Casper, released in 1980 and a distinctively Chicago sound began by 1982, with Caution and Plee Fresh. Chicago also saw the development of house music (a form of electronic dance music) in the early 1980s and this soon mixed with hip hop and began featuring rappers; this is called hip house, and gained some national popularity in the late 1980s and early 90s, though similar fusions from South Africa, Belgium and elsewhere became just as well-known into the 90s.

       Los Angeles hardcore rappers (Ice-T) and electro hop artists (Egyptian Lover) began recording by 1983, though the first recorded West Coast rap was Disco Daddy and Captain Rapp's "Gigolo Rapp" in 1981. In Miami, audiences listened to Miami bass, a form of sultry and sexually explicit dance music which arose from Los Angeles electro; it frequently included rapping. In Washington D.C. a hip hop-influenced form of dance music called go go emerged and incorporated rapping and DJing.

       International spread

       Beginning in the early 1980s, hip hop culture began its spread across the world. By the end of the 1990s, popular hip hop was sold almost everywhere, and native performers were recording in most every country with a popular music industry. Elements of hip hop became fused with numerous styles of music, including ragga, cumbia and samba, for example. The Senegalese mbalax rhythm became a component of hip hop, while the United Kingdom and Belgium produced a variety of electronic music fusions of hip hop, most famously including British trip hop. Hip hop also spread to countries like Greece, Spain and Cuba in the 1980s, led in Cuba by the self-exiled African American activist Nehanda Abiodun and aided by Fidel Castro's . In Japan, graffiti art and breakdancing had been popular since the early part of the decade, but many of those active in the scene felt that the Japanese language was unsuited for rapping; nevertheless, by the beginning of the 1990s, a wave of rappers emerged, including Ito Seiko, Chikado Haruo, Tinnie Punx and Takagi Kan. The New Zealand hip hop scene began in earnest in the late 1980s, when Maori performers like Upper Hutt Posse and Dalvanius Prime began recording, gaining notoriety for lyrics that espoused tino rangatiratanga (Maori sovereignty).

       The 1990s

       In the 90s, gangsta rap became mainstream, beginning in about 1992, with the release of Dr. Dre's The Chronic. This album established a style calle

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